This book shows what role nature can play in a city and how this can make it a better place for people to live. People, planners, designers and politicians are working towards the development of green cities. Some cities are already promoted as green cities, while others are on their way to become one. But their goals are often unclear and can include different facets.

Presenting contributions from world leading researchers in the field of urban ecology, the editors provide an interdisciplinary overview of best practices and challenges in creating green cities. They show examples of how to build up these cities from bits and pieces to districts and urban extensions. Each example concludes with a summary of the collected knowledge, the learning points and how this can be used in other places. The best practices are collected from around the world - Europe, America and Asia. Contributions cover a wide range of biophysical and cultural backgrounds within these three continents, including the Central, Southern and Eastern European region, as well as Latin and North America. The new dynamic urban development of Asia is illustrated by case studies from China and the Indian subcontinent.

The reader will learn which role nature can play in green cities and what the basic requirements are in terms of culture, pre-existing nature conditions, existing urban surroundings, history, design and planning.Preface

About the Editors

List of Contributors

 

Part I - The Green City: General Concept

Part Front Matter

1              What Does "The Green City" Mean?       

Jürgen Breuste

2              What Is Urban Nature? 

Jürgen Breuste

3              What is Urban Green and Blue Infrastructure?   

Jürgen Breuste

4              The Green City: General Concept             

Jürgen Breuste

 

Part II - The Nature Concept - of What Urban Green Nature Consists of 

Part Front Matter

5              The Four Urban Natures Approach                          

Jürgen Breuste

6              Urban Woodlands - Remnants of Pristine Landscape       

Jürgen Breuste

7              Public Urban Parks - Designed Urban Green Spaces          

Jürgen Breuste

8              Urban Gardens - The Private Urban Green           

Jürgen Breuste

9              Urban Waters - The Urban Blue Infrastructure  

Jürgen Breuste

10           New Urban Wildernesses - Novel Urban Ecosystems       

Jürgen Breuste

 

Part III - The Benefit Concept - How People Can Benefit from Urban Nature

Part Front Matter

11           What We Expect from Urban Nature      

Jürgen Breuste

12           Which Ecosystems Provide Which Ecosystem Services?  

Jürgen Breuste

13           How Can Urban Ecosystem Services Be Assessed?            

Jürgen Breuste

14           Biodiversity as an Urban Concept             

Jürgen Breuste

 

Part IV - Urban Agriculture - More than Food Production 

Part Front Matter

15           Allotment Gardens Contribute to Urban Ecosystem Service: Case Study Salzburg, Austria                

Jürgen Breuste and Martina Artmann

16           Community Garden Practices in High-density High-rise Urban Areas in Shanghai, China    

Yuelai Liu

17           Urban Gardening and Environmental Behavior of Urban Gardeners in Different Garden Forms in Barcelona, Spain    

Jürgen Breuste and Andreas Hufnagel

18           Investigations on Water Utilization and Water Management Practices in Urban/Peri Urban Agriculture of Bahawalpur, Pakistan    

Liaqat Ali Waseem and Jürgen Breuste

19           Edible City - a New Approach for Upscaling Local Food Supply? The Case of Andernach, Germany

Martina Artmann and Katharina Sartison

20           New Forms of Urban Agriculture in Metropolitan Areas: Examples from Italy        

Daniel La Rosa

21           Structure and Processes of Home Gardens in Urban Landscape: The Case of Galle, Kandy, and Jaffna Cities in Sri Lanka             

Lalitha Dissanayake and M.M.G.S. Dilini

 

Part V - Urban Wildland - Forests, Water and Wetlands  

Part Front Matter

22           Urban Forests in Megacities from the Perspective of Ecosystem Services Using the Timiryazevsky Forest Park, Moscow, as a Case Study             

M. Antonenko, D. Duskhova D. and T. Krasovskaya

23           Where the Rivers Were: Connecting Indigenous Blue Space to Contemporary City Design

Jacob A. Napieralski

24           Sponge City Practices for Sustainable Water Solutions in China: Reflections from two Cases           

Yunfei Xu, Xiaobing Wang and Zhifang Wang

25           Assessing the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes on the Biodiversity of River Ravi, Lahore- Pakistan              

Safdar Ali Shirazi, Adeel Ahmad and Salman Qureshi

26           Rehabilitation of Riverbanks in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires: from Research to Action 

Anna Faggi and Jürgen Breuste

27           The Influence of Vacant Land Presence on Proliferation of Invasive Alien Plant Species. The case of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle var.       Altissima              

Athanasios Alexandru Gavrilidis, Simona R. GrÄdinaru, Marilena Onete, Jürgen Breuste and Ioan Cristian IojÄ

28           Forest Reserves in Urban Landscape: Case of Udawattakele and Dunumadalawa Forest Patches in Kandy, Sri Lanka   

Lalitha Dissanayake and Nilukshi Perera

 

Part VI - Urban Protected Areas and Urban Biodiversity

Part Front Matter

29           Bridging the People-Nature Divide Using the Participatory Planning of Urban Protected Areas      

Ioan-Cristian IojÄ, Jurgen Breuste, Gabriel-Ovidiu V-nÄu, Constantina-Alina Hossu, Mihai-Razvan NiÈÄ, Ana-Maria Popa, Diana-Andreea Onose and Andreea-Raluca Slave

30           The Nature Outside Cities: Trade-Offs and Synergies of Cultural Ecosystem Services From Natura 2000 Sites               

Denisa Lavinia Badiu, Constantina Alina Hossu, Ioan Cristian IojÄ and Mihai RÄzvan NiÈÄ

31           Urban Biodiversity Under Global Trends and Drivers - a Comparative Study of Urban Parks in PoznaÅ (Poland) and Salzburg (Austria)   

Janina Borysiak, Jürgen Breuste and Andrzej Mizgajski

32           Relationship between built environment and biodiversity in high-density metropolitan areas: The case of Shanghai, China               

Jing Gan and Jürgen Breuste

33           Urban Greening as a Response to Societal Challenges. Towards Biophilic Megacities  (Case Studies of Saint Petersburg and Moscow, Russia)              

Diana Dushkova, Maria Ignatieva and Irina Melnichuk

34           Perceptions, Expectations and Preferences of Istanbul Residents Related to Nature and Nature Experience                Meryem Hayir-Kanat and Jürgen Breuste

 

Part VII - Multi-functional Urban Green Spaces 

Part Front Matter

35           Relationship Between Form and Structure of Green Spaces and Uses: the Case of Parks in Buenos Aires City, Argentina           

Ana Faggi and Jürgen Breuste

36           Visitors' Demands and the Present Supply of Recreational Services in Urban Parks in Shanghai (China)     

Jürgen H. Breuste, Simone Zippel and Marc Giménez-Maranges

37           Urban Residents Preferences and Recreational Use of Urban Nature in Istanbul  

Meryem Hayir-Kanat and Jürgen Breuste

38           Planning Multifunctional Urban Green Infrastructure for Compact Cities in Europe            

Rieke Hansen and Stephan Pauleit

39           Changes in Urban Green Infrastructure in Tabriz, Iran      

Akbar Rahimi and Jürgen Breuste

40           Mobile Application-based Field Survey as a Possible Tool for Investigating Visitors' Perception and Preferences of the Vegetation in Urban Parks              

Péter Szilassi, Jürgen Breuste, Ronald A. Kolcsár and Gerhard Aigner

41           Searching for the Perfect Balance in the Multifunctionality of Urban Green Parks               

Mihai RÄzvan NiÈÄ, Ioan Cristian IojÄ and Ana Maria Popa

42           Green Struggle - Environmental Conflicts Involving Urban Green Areas in Bucharest City

Diana A. Onose, Ioan Cristian IojÄ, Mihai RÄzvan NiÈÄ, Denisa L. Badiu and Alina C. Hossu

43           Strengthening Social Ties and Biodiversity Through an Urban Park: 18 de Septiembre Park, La Serena, Chile               Sonia Reyes-Paecke, Alfonsina Puppo, Francisca Magnani and Valentina Salinas

 

Index